Miscellaneous Articles

FREEDOM ACCORING TO CAPITALISM AND ISLAM

We have come to know, from the above con- tents, that freedom is the central point in the capital- ist thinking, and the concept of "insurance" (assur ance) is the basic revolving point in the socialist and communist sytstems. For this purpose we will be studying, com- paratively, the position of Islam and capitalism from freedom, comparing thereafter between the "insurance" according to Islam and according to the Marxist creed.

When we say "freedom", we mean thereby its general meaning; that is, rejection of others' domi- nation, for this concept is the one we can find in both civilizations, even when its frame and intellec- tual base vary in both.'

When we start comparing freedom according to Islam with freedom according to the democratic capitalist system, basic differences appear to us be tween the freedom which has been lived by the capi- talist society and advocated by capitalism, and the freedom whose banner Islam has borne and adopted by the society which Islam has created, providing its own experience on history's stage. Each of these norms of freedom bears the stamp of civilization to which it belongs and with whose concepts of the cosmos and life it agrees, expressing the intellectual and psychological state that civilization created in history. Freedom, in the capitalist civilization, has start- ed as a bitterly overwhelming doubt, and this doubt changed, in its revolutionary expansion, to a doctrinal belief in freedom. Contrary to this is freedom in the Islamic civilization, for here it is but an expression of a firm central conviction (i.e., belief in God) from which freedom derives its revolution. Accord- ing to the firmness of this conviction and the depth of its implication in man's life do the revolutionary powers in that freedom multiply.

Capitalist freedom has a positive connotation.

It considers man to possess his own self, faring with it as he pleases, without submitting in that to any external authority. For this purpose, all social insti- tutions, which affect man's life, derive their legal right to control every individual from the individuals themselves! Freedom, according to Islam, maintains the revolutionary aspect of freedom, to liberate man from the idols' control, all idols from whose yoke humanity has been suffering across history. But it erects this great task of liberation upon the basis of a submission purely for Allah, and for Allah alone.

Therefore, man's submission to God in Islam (instead of possessing his own self, according to capitalism) is the tool whereby man breaks all other norms of submission or slavery, for this sort of submission, in its sublime meaning, makes him feel that he, together with all other sorts of power with which he coexists, stands on the same grounds before one Lord. Therefore, no power on earth has the right to fare with his destiny as it pleases or controls his existence and life ...

Freedom, according to the precepts of the capitalist civilization, is a natural right for man, and he may give his right up whenever he wills. But it is not so according to Islam! Freedom according to Islam is essentially tied to submission to Allah! Islam does not permit man to yield, be enslaved or give his freedom up:

Do not be a slave of others, since Allah created you free. ( Nahj al-balaghah - `Ali ibn Abi Talib)

Man, according to Islam, is to be accounted for the use of his freedom, and freedom is not a state of irresponsibility. This is the difference between both norms of freedom in their general features, and now we explain with more detail:

Adopted from the book: "Contemporary Man and The Social Problem" by: "Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr"