Notes:
1. Tafsir al-Tabari, Vol. IXV, p. 109; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Vol. II, p. 570.2. It is reported by al-Tirmidhi in his Sahih, Vol. II, p. 329, and also by al-Nasà’i and al-’Imàm Ahmad.
3. Sahih Muslim, Vol. II, p. 362, “bàb fadà’il ‘Ali ibn Abi Tàlib”.
4. This hadith is reported by al-Hàkim in al-Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 149, on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbàs, and said: this hadith is of authentic chain of narrators.
5. Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, Vol. IV, p. 126.
6. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 99, “bàb mà yajuz min al-ghadab wa al-shiddah li-amr Allàh”.
7. Sahih Muslim, “kitàb fadà’il al-Sahàbah”; Musnad Ahmad, Vol. IV, p. 398.
8. In the case of those whom Abu Bakr fought, who were called later on the apostates (Ahl al-Riddah).
9. It is obvious in the case of ‘Uthmàn, who was continuously reviled and defamed by most of the Sahàbah, till being slain by them.
10. It is exactly as done and practised by Mu‘àwiyah, who kept on giving his orders to curse and slander ‘Ali.
11. Like the Battles of al-Jamal, Siffin and al-Nahrawàn, and others.
12. According to the hadith: “May God have mercy on ‘Ammàr, he shall be killed by the rebellious gang.”
13. Sahih al-Tirmidhi, Vol. V, p. 328; Sahih Muslim, Vol. II, p. 362; al-Nasà’i in al-Khasà’is and Kanz al-‘ummàl, Vol. I, p. 44; al-’Imàm Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, Vol. V, p. 189; al-Hàkim in his Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 148; Ibn Hajar in al-Sawà‘iq al-muhriqah, p. 148, Ibn Sa‘d in al-Tabaqàt al-Kubrà, Vol. II, p. 194; al-Tabaràni, Vol. I, p. 131.
14. I cite for this only one example: It is reported by al-Saduq in al-’Ikmàl, with his sanad reaching back to al-’Imàm al-Sàdiq, from his father, from his grandfather, that he said: The Messenger of Allah (S) said: Verily, there will be twelve Imams after me, the first of them being ‘Ali and the last one is al-Qà’im (al-Mahdi). These are my (true) successors and executors.
15. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. I, “kitàb al-‘ilm”; Sahih al-Tirmidhi”, kitàb al-‘ilm”.
16. Al-‘Iqd al-farid, ibn ‘Abd Rabbih; al-Fusul al-muhimmah, of Ibn al-Sabbàgh al-Màliki, Vol. III, p. 42.
17. Basmalah in the salàt is makruh (reprehensible) according to the Màlikis, obligatory according to the Shàfi‘is, mustahabb (recommendable) according to the Hanafis, while the Hanbalis hold that it should be read inaudibly even in the audible (jahri) prayers.
18. Sunan Ibn Màjah, “kitàb al-fitan”, Vol. II, hadith No. 3993; Musnad Ahmad, Vol. III, p. 120; al-Tirmidhi in his Kitàb al-’Imàn.
19. Ibn Hajar, al-Sawà‘iq al-muhriqah, pp. 136, 227; al-Suyuti, al-Jàmi‘ al-saghir, Vol. II, p. 132; Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, Vol. III, p. 17, and Vol. IV, p. 366; Hilyat al-’awliyà’, Vol. IV, p. 306, Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 151; Talkhis al-Dhahabi; al-Tabaràni in al-Mu‘jam al-saghir, Vol. II, p. 22.
20. Nahj al-balàghah, Khutbah No. 97.
21. Ibid., Khutbah No. 239.
22. The example for this can be found in what is reported by Abu Hurayrah who said: “Allah has created Adam with the same shape of him” (in an incomplete and ambiguous way). But al-’Imàm Ja‘far al-Sàdiq (A) elucidated the matter by saying: The Messenger of Allah (S) passed by two young men, and heard them reviling each other, one saying to the other: May Allah disfigure your face and that of whoever resembles you. Thereat the Messenger of Allah said to him: “Allah created Adam with the same shape of him.” That is, with your slandering whoever resembling him, you have in fact defamed Adam as he is the one who is like him.
23. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, p. 47, & Vol. V, p. 179 & Vol. VI, p. 33.
24. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 226 & Vol. V, pp. 47-48; Sahih Muslim, Vol. I, pp. 114-122.
25. Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 197.
26. Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 182.
27. Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 187, and on page 202 he confirms Allah’s having a hand and fingers.
28. Verse 23 of Surat al-Qiyàmah was interpreted by Ahl al-Bayt Imams (peace be upon them), that the faces at that Day (Doomsday) be resplendent (nàdirah), to mean prettiness and splendour (bahjah), while looking at their Lord’s mercy.
29. Nahj al-balàghah, exposition (sharh) of Muhammad `Abduh, Vol. I, Khutbah No. 1.
30. ‘Aqà’id al-’Imàmiyyah.
31. Al-Muràja‘àt is one of the books that should be read by whoever desiring to be acquainted with the Imàmi Shi‘ah’s beliefs and thoughts.
32. Al-Bidàyah wa al-nihàyah, of Ibn Kathir, who reported from al-’Imàm Ahmad, Muslim, Abu Dàwud and al-Tirmidhi.
33. Sahih Muslim, “kitàb al-fadà’il”, Vol. VII, p. 95; Musnad al-’Imàm Ahmad, Vol. I, p. 162 and Vol. III, p. 152.
34. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 29.
35. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 68.
36. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 123 and Vol. II, p. 65.
37. Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 37, 44, 171.
38. Sunan al-Dàrimi, “kitàb al-riqàq”.
39. Sahih Muslim, “bàb fadà’il ‘Uthmàn”, Vol. VII, p. 117.
40. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, pp. 232, 234.
41. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 114 and Vol. VII, p. 96.
42. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 228, and Vol. II, p. 3, “kitàb al-‘idayn”.
43. Musnad al-’Imàm Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. VI, p. 75.
44. Tafsir al-Jalàlayn, about interpretation of God’s words: “... And thou didst hide in thy self that which Allah was to bring to light.” (33:37).
45. Sahih Muslim, Vol. VII, p. 136, “bàb fadà’il ‘A’ishah”.
46. Region of al-Jarid is located south of Tunisia, with 92 kms from Qafsah, the birthplace of Abu al-Qàsim al-Shàbi, the renowned poet, and al-Khidr Husayn, who was the head of al-’Azhar, beside many Tunisian ‘ulamà’ who were born in this region.
47. In his Sahih, Vol. III, p. 152, bàb shahàdat al-’a‘mà from “kitàb al-shahàdàt”, al-Bukhàri is reported to have said: Ibn `Ubayd ibn Maymun narrated to us, saying, we are told by `Isa ... from ‘A’ishah who said: The Prophet (upon whom be God’s peace and benediction) heard a (blind) man reciting the Qur’àn in a mosque. Thereat he (S) said: “May Allah have mercy upon him, he reminded me of so and so verses I dropped from so and so surah ...” — How is it wonderful, dear reader, such a messenger who forgets the verses (àyàt), and had not this blind man been there to remind him of them, they would have been buried in oblivion — I seek Allah’s forgiveness of this hallucination.
48. Sahih Muslim, Vol. VI, p. 24, “bàb khiyàr al-’a’immah wa shiràrihim”.
49. Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 20, bà al-’amr bi-luzum al-jamà‘ah ‘inda îuhur al-fitan”.
50. Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 4, “bàb al-nàs tubba‘ li-Quraysh wa al-khilàfah fi Quraysh”.
51. Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 3; and Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, pp. 105, 128.
52. Ibid., Vol. VI, p. 23, “bàb wujub al-’inkàr ‘alà al-’umarà’.”
53. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 127, “bàb al-’istikhlàf”.
54. Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 106, “bàb Ma yukrah min al-hirs ‘alà al-’imàrah”.
55. Ibid.
56. Sahih Muslim, Vol. VI, p. 3, “bàb al-Khilàfah fi Quraysh”.
57. Yanàbi‘ al-mawaddah, Vol. III, p. 104.
58. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 105.
59. Al-Tirmidhi, Abu Dàwud and Ibn Màjah; Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. II, p. 332.
60. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 209, “bàb al-hawd”, and Vol. V, p. 292.
61. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 63.
62. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 112.
63. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 144, and Vol. VIII, p. 151.
64. Al-’Imàmah wa al-siyàsah, of Ibn Qutaybah, Vol. I, p. 28.
65. Sahih Muslim, Vol. VI, p. 5, “bàb al-’istikhlàf wa tarkih”.
66. Al-’Imàmah wa al-siyàsah, of Ibn Qutaybah, Vol. I, p. 18.
67. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 26, “bàb rajm al-hublà min al-zinà”.
68. Ta’rikh al-khulafà’, of Ibn Qutaybah, Vol. I, p. 18 and afterwards.
69. This is according to the fact that no proof (dalil) can be found with the Shi‘ah, but only when its application (misdàq) should be there in the Sunnah books.
70. He is Abu Ishàq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibràhim al-Naysàburi al-Tha‘labi (d. 337 H.). To him Ibn Khallikàn referred by saying: “He was the matchless of his time in science of exegesis (‘ilm al-tafsir), of correct transmission, and trustable.”
71. Al-Jam‘ bayn al-Sihàh al-Sittah; Sahih al-Nasà’i; Musnad Ahmad; al-Sawà‘iq al-muhriqah of Ibn Hajar, and it was reported too by Ibn Abi al-Hadid in Sharh Nahj al-balàghah.
72. Al-Durr al-manthur fi al-tafsir bi al-ma’thur, Vol. III, p. 119.
73. Ibid.
74. Fath al-Bàri, Vol. VI, p. 31; al-Bidàyah wa al-nihàyah, Vol. VIII, p. 102; Siyar A`làm al-nubalà’ of al-Dhahabi, Vol. II, p. 436; Ibn Hajar’s al-’Isàbah, Vol. III, p. 287.
75. Jalàl al-Din al-Suyuti’s al-Durr al-manthur, Vol. III, p. 3.
76. Ibid.
77. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 4.
78. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 4.
79. Ibid.
80. It is called Hadith al-Ghadir, and was reported by both the Shi‘ah and Sunni ‘ulamà’ at the same level.
81. Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, Vol. IV, p. 281; al-Tabari in his Tafsir; al-Ràzi in his al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Vol. III, p. 636; Ibn Hajar in his Sawà‘iq; al-Dàraqutni al-Bayhaqi, al-Khatib al-Baghdàdi, and al-Shahristàni, beside others.
82. Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. IV, p. 372.
83. Al-Nasà’i in al-Khasà’is, p. 21.
84. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 109.
85. Sahih Muslim, Vol. VII, p. 122, “bàb fadà’il ‘Ali ibn Abi Tàlib; and the hadith is reported too by al-’Imàm Ahmad and al-Tirmidhi.
86. Sahih Muslim, Vol. VII,p.122 “bàb fadà’il ‘Ali”.
87. Ibn Hajar in his Sawà‘iq, p. 25, on the authority of al-Tabaràni and al-Hakim and al-Tirmidhi.
88. Musnad al-’Imàm Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Vol. IV, p. 281; also in Kanz al-‘ummàl, Vol. XV, p. 117; and Fadà’il al-Khamsah min al-Sihàh al-Sittah, Vol. I, p. 350.
89. The book al-Ghadir of al-‘Allàmah al-’Amini, in eleven volumes. It is a valuable book in which its author collected and compiled whatever was written about Hadith al-Ghadir, from the Sunnah books.
90. Al-Bukhàri and Muslim reported in their Sahihs several contradictions on the part of them (Sunni ‘ulamà’), as in the event of Hudaybiyyah Peace Treaty, and also the event of Thursday Misfortune, and many other events and cases.
91. Because they (Ahl al-Sunnah) believe the Sahàhbah (Companions) to be like the stars “whomever you follow you shall be guided rightly.”
92. Refer to the book ‘Abd Allàh ibn Saba’ of al-‘Allàmah al-‘Askari, so as to realize that he had never existed at all, and that he was merely one of the fabrications of Sayf ibn `Umar al-Tamimi, who was widely known with falsification and lying. Refer also to Tàhà Husayn’s book al-Fitnat al-Kubrà, or further the book al-Silah bayn al-tasawwuf wa al-tashayyu‘ of Dr. Mustafà Kàmil al-Shaybi, so as to know that this ‘Abd Allàh ibn Saba’ being in fact our master ‘Ammàr ibn Yàsir (may God be pleased with him).
93. This is due to the fact that the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (A) seized the hearts and assumed such fame through their morals and knowledge, which filled the East and the West. And also through their zuhd (asceticism), taqwà (piety), and the honour and virtues bestowed upon them by Allah.
94. She (‘A’ishah) could never endure hearing or mentioning ‘Ali’s name. Some historians say that when the news of his death reached her, she performed thanksgiving prostration with chanting some poetry verses. This was reported by al-Bukhàri in his Sahih, Vol. I, p. 162; Vol. VII, p. 18; and Vol. V, p. 140.
95. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, pp. 191, 201. Also in Vol. IV, p. 195 al-Bukhàri reported a narration ascribed to Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, that he said: I said to my father: Who is the best of men after the Messenger of Allah (S)? He said: Abu Bakr. I asked: Who is then? He said: ‘Umar is the next. Thereafter, fearing him to say ‘Uthmàn (after ‘Umar), I said: Then you. He said: I am no more than an ordinary man among Muslims.
96. Ibid., Vol. V, p. 127.
97. Jalàl al-Din al-Suyuti, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 18.
98. Ibid., al-Suyuti’s interpretation of the verse “This day have I prefected your religion for you” in Surat al-Mà’idah.
99. The full text of the sermon is reported by al-Hafiî Ibn Jarir al-Tabari in the book al-Wilàyah. Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti has also reported a sermon with the same denotation and identical words, in his al-Durr al-manthur, Vol. II, p. 57.
100. Al-Shawkàni in Tafsir Fath al-Qadir, Vol. III, p. 57; and Jalàl al-Din al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-manthur, Vol. II, p. 298, on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbàs.
101. Al-Hàkim al-Hasakàni reported from Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri his interpretation of the àyah; and al-Hafiî Abu Nu‘aym al-’Isbahàni in his book: Mà nazala min al-Qur’àn fi `Ali.
102. This episode was narrated by al-’Imàm Abu Hàmid al-Ghazàli in his book Sirr al-‘àlamin, p. 5; and also by al-’Imàm Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, Vol. IV, 281; with al-Tabari in his Tafsir, Vol. III, p. 428; beside al-Bayhaqi, al-Tha‘labi, al-Dàraqutni, al-Fakhr al-Ràzi, and others.
103. Al-Hafiî Abu Nu‘aym al-’Isbahàni, op. cit.; al-Khwàrazmi al-Màliki in his al-Manàqib, p. 80; al-Kanji al-Shàfi‘i in Kifàyat al-tàlib; Jalàl al-Din al-Suyuti in his book al-’Izdihàr fimà ‘aqadahu al-shu‘arà’ min al-’ash‘àr.
104. Ta’rikh al-Tabari, Vol. V, p. 31; Ta’rikh Ibn al-’Athir, Vol. III, p. 31; Sharh Nahj al-balàghah, of Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Vol. II, p. 18.
105. Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, Vol. IV, p. 370, and Vol. I, p. 119; al-Nasà’i in al-Khasà’is, p. 19; Kanzal-‘ummàl, Vol. VI, p. 397; Ibn Kathir in his Ta’rikh, Vol. V, p. 211; Ibn al-’Athir in Usd al-ghàbah, Vol. IV, p. 28; Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalàni in al-’Isàbah, Vol. II, p. 408; al-Suyuti in Jam‘ al-jawàmi‘.
106. Al-Haythami in Majma‘ al-zawà’id, Vol. IX, p. 106; Ibn Kathir in his Ta’rikh, Vol. V, p. 211; Ibn al-’Athir in Usd al-ghàbah, Vol.
III, p. 321; and Hilyat-’awliyà’, Vol. V, p. 26; Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, Vol. I, p. 119.
107. Ibn Kathir in his book al-Bidàyah wa al-nihàyah, Vol. V, p. 214.
108. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 26, “bàb rajm al-hublà min al-zinà”.
109. Ta’rikh al-Tabari and Ibn al-’Athir, after the death of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattàb and successorship of ‘Uthmàn.
110. Muhammad `Abduh in Sharh Nahj al-balàghah, Khutbah No. 3.
111. Ta’rikh al-Tabari and Ibn al-’Athir, about the chronicles of the year 36 H.; Muhammad ‘Abduh, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 88.
112. Al-Tabari in Dalà’il al-’Imàmah; Ibn Tayfur in Balàghàt al-nisà’; ‘Umar Ridà Kahhàlah in A‘làm al-nisà’; Ibn Abi al-Hadid in Sharh al-Nahj.
113. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, p. 1. 95.
114. Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 26; Ta’rikh al-Tabari; Ta’rikh al-khulafà’ of Ibn Qutaybah.
115. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 28, “bàb rajm al-hublà min al-zinà idhà uhsinat.
116. It is reported by all the historians that only four of the Muhàjirun (immigrants) attended the Saqifah. So his saying: ‘I and then the Muhàjirun swore allegiance to him” is contradicted by his words:
“‘Ali al-Zubayr and their companions remained behind (disagreeed with us),” which he uttered in the same seremon. See Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 26.
117, 118, 119. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 26.
120. Ta’rikh al-Tabari, the chapter on successorship of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattàb; Ibn Abi al-Hadid in Sharh al-Nahj, Vol. I.
121. Ibn Qutaybah in al-’Imàmah wa al-sisàyah, Vol. I, p. 25, “bàb marad Abi Bakr wa istikhlàfihi ‘Umar (r)”.
122. Ibn Qutaybah, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 18.
123. Sahih Muslim, Vol. V, p. 75, kitàb al-wasiyyah; Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 9.
124. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, p. 195.
125. Ibid., V ol. VIII, p. 28; Ta’rikh al-khulafà’, Vol. I, p. 19.
126. Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 25.
127. As it is confirmed by Ibn Sa‘d in his Tabaqàt, and most of the historians who referred to the contingent (sariyyah) of Usamah ibn Zayd.
128. Muhammad `Abduh, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 88.
129. Sahih Muslim, “bàb al-wasiyyah”.
130, 131. Ibid., Vol. VI, pp. 2, 3; Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 27.
133. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, p. 76.
134. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 37.
135. Ibid., Vol. I, “bàb man laqiya Allàh bi al-’imàm wa huwa ghayr shàkk fih dakhala al-jannah, p. 45.
136. Nahj al-balàghah, Sharh of Muhammad ‘Abduh, Khutbah No. 3.
137. Sahih Muslim, Vol. I, p. 61.
138. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. III, p. 168.
139. Musnad Ahmad, Vol. V, p. 35; Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 124.
140. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 126.
141. Muntakhab Kanz al-‘ummàl, Vol. V, p. 34.
142. Al-Tabari, al-Riyàd al-nàdirah fi manàqib al-‘ashrah, “bàb fadà’il ‘Ali ibn Abi Tàlib”.
143. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, p. 144, and Vol. VIII, p 151.
144. Ibid., Vol. VII, p. 209; Sahih Muslim, “bàb al-hawd”.
145. Sunan Ibn Màjah, “kitàb al-fitan”, Vol. II, hadith No. 3993; Musnad Ahmad, Vol. III, p. 120; Sunan al-Tirmidhi, “kitàb al-’imàn”.
146. Manaqib al-Khwàrazmi, p. 48; al-’Isti‘àb, Vol. III, p. 39; Tadhkirat al-Sibt, p. 87; Matàlib al-sa’ul, p. 13; Tafsir al-Naysàburi, on Surat al-’Ahqàf; Fayd al-Qadir, Vol. IV, p. 357.
147. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, pp. 5, 12, and Vol. V, pp. 76, 77; Sahih Muslim, Vol. VII, p. 121, “bàb fadà’il Ali ibn Abi Tàlib.”
148. Manàqib al-Khwàrazmi, p. 58; Tadhkirat al-Sibt, p. 87; Ibn al-Maghàzili, Tarjumat ‘Ali, p. 79.
149, 150, 151. Sharh al-Nahj, Ibn Abi al-Hadid, in the introduction.
152. Ta'rikh al-Tabari, Vol. II, p. 319; Ta'rikh Ibn al-'Athir, Vol. II, p. 62.
153. Sahih Muslim, Vol. VII, p. 120; Sahih al-Bukhàri, "bàb fadà'il 'Ali".
154. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 128; al-Mu'jam al-kabir, al-Tabaràni.
155. Al-Sirah al-Halabiyyah, Ghazwat Dhàt al-Salàsil; Tabaqàt Ibn Sa'd, beside others who referred to this Ghazwah (invasion).
156. Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. VI, p. 392, hadith No. 6009, Hilyat al-'awliyà'; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, pp. 73, 74; Ta'rikh Dimashq of Ibn 'Asàkir, Vol. II, p. 483.
157. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 122; Ibn 'Asàkir, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 488.
158. Like the hadith: Hold on to the sunnah of the Jews and that of the Christians, and abide by it in a way that even when they enter a hole of a lizard, you should enter it." This hadith is reported by al-Bukhàri, and a reference to it was made previously. And also like the hadith al-hawd (pond) in which the Messenger of Allah (S) says: "I never believe anyone of them to be delivered but those who are like abandoned cattle (very few)."
159. As in the holy verse: "...Therefore if he dieth or be slain, will ye turn upon your heels?" (3:144). And also the verse: "And shall say (out) the Apostle (that Day) "O my lord! Verily my people have held this Qur'àn as a vain forsaken thing!" (25:30).
160. This incident reveals the presence of some of bedouins living outside al-Madinah, who detest 'Ali ibn Abi Tàlib and never like him, beside disliking Muhammad (S). As a consequence we can notice how did this fool enter upon the Prophet, and, without greeting him, called him: O Muhammad! He thus proved to be among those meant in the holy Qur'ànic verse: "The (rustic) Arabs (of the desert) are very hard in infidelity and hypocrisy, and more inclined not to know the limits of what Allah hath sent down unto His Apostle ..." (9:97)
161. Al-Hasakàni, Shawàhid al-tanzil, Vol. II, p. 286; Tafsir al-Tha'labi, on the Surat al-Ma'àrij. Tafsir al-Qurtubi, Vol. XVIII, p. 278; Tafsir al-Manàr, by Rashid Ridà, Vol. VI, p. 464; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, by al-Qunduzi al-Hanafi, p. 328; Al-Mustadrak 'alà al-Sahihayn, by al-Hàkim, Vol. II, p. 502; Al-Sirah al-Halabiyyah, Vol. III, p. 275; Tadhkirat al-khawàss, by Ibn al-Jawzi, p. 37.
162. Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinawari, Kitàb al-ma'àrif, p. 251.
163. Al-'Imàm Ahmad ibn Hanbal in his Musnad, Vol. I, p. 119.
164. Al-Balàdhuri in Ansàb al-'Ashràf, Vols. I & II, p. 152.
165. Ta'rikh Ibn 'Asàkir, which is called Ta'rikh Dimashq, Vol. II, p. 7 and Vol. III, p. 150;
— Sharh Nahj al-balàghah, of Ibn Abi al-Hadid, verified by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl, Vol. XIX, p. 217;
— 'Abaqàt al-'anwàr, Vol. II, p. 309;
— Manàqib 'Ali ibn Abi Tàlib, of Ibn al-Maghàzili al-Shàfi'i, p. 23;
— Al-Sirah al-Halabiyyah, Vol. III, p. 337.
166. The incident occurred on the Rahbah Day when al-'Imàm 'Ali asked the Sahàbah to give witness about Hadith al-Ghadir. This incident is reported by a large number of traditionists and historians, to whom a reference was made previously, like Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn 'Asàkir and Ibn Abi al-Hadid, beside others.
167. Ta'rikh Ibn 'Asàkir al-Shafi'i, Vol. III, p. 5; Manàqib al-Khwàrazmi, p. 42; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, p. 79.
168. Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, Vol. II, p. 3, on the authority of al-Daylami, Manàqib al-Khwàrazmi and Dhakhà'ir al-'uqbà.
169. The number was reported by al-Bukhàri and Muslim, while the number and names were reported by the author of Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, Vol. III, p. 99.
170. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 148.
171. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 137.
172. Ibid., Vol. III, p. 186; Sahih al-Tirmidhi, "Kitàb al-wasàyà"; Sahih Muslim, "kitàb al-wasàyà"; Sahih Ibn Màjah, "kitàb al-wasàyà".
173. Sahih al-Bukhàri, "bàb marad al-Nabi wa wafàtih" (The Prophet's sickness and death), Vol. V, p. 138; Sahih Muslim, "kitàb al-wasiyyah", Vol. II, p. 16.
174. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 36, and "kitàb al-diyàt"; Sahih Muslim, Vol. I, p. 67.
175. Al-Qastallàni in Irshàd al-sàri, Vol. X, p. 298; Ibn Hajar in Fath al-Bàri, Vol. XIII, p. 230.
176. Tafsir Ibn Jarir, Vol. III, p. 38; Kanz al-'ummal, Vol. I, p. 287. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. II, p. 14: Talkhis al-Dhahabi; al-Khatib in his Ta'rikh, Vol. II, p. 468; al-Zamakhshari in his al-Tafsir al-Kashshàf, Vol. III, 253; Tafsir al-Khàzin, Vol. IV, p. 374; Ibn Taymiyyah in Muqaddimat usul al-tafsir, p. 30; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Vol. IV, p. 473.
177. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, p. 232, "bàb al-sà'im yusbihu junuban; Muwatta' Màlik fi tanwir al-hawàlik, Vol. I, p. 272; "mà jà'a fi alladhi yusbihu junuban fi Ramadàn".
178. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 31, "bàb là hàmmah"; Sahih Muslim, Vol. VII, p. 32, "bàb là 'adwà wa là tiyarah".
179. Sahih Muslim, Vol. III, p. 61; Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. V, p. 86.
180. It is an indication to their disagreement in regard of fighting those abstaining from paying out the zakàt (poor-due). The readers are asked to see the references to which were stated before.
181. This being an indication to the issue of Fadak, and the hadith "We, the folk of prophets, never leave behind any inheritance". The references were stated before.
182. An indication to the narration of fostering the full-grown men (ridà'at al-kabir), which was reported by 'A'ishah, but was contradicted by the other wives of the Prophet (S).
183. An indication to the hadith saying that "the Prophet used to wake up in the morning of Ramadàn in the state of ritual impurity (junub), but keeping the fasting of that day," which was denied by 'A'ishah.
184. An indication to the narration claiming "that the Prophet (S) performd 'umrah (short pilgrimage) four times, one of which during the Month of Rajab", which was negated by 'A'ishah.
185. An indication to their dispute regarding the lawfulness and prohibition of mut'ah (temporary marriage). (See Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VI, p. 129).
186. An indication to their controversy concerning the mut'at al-hajj (enjoyment of pilgrimage). See Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, p. 153.
187. They (Sahàbah) differed regarding countless issues some of which a reference can be made like: basmalah, wudu' (ablution), salàt during travel, and so many other jurisprudential (fiqhi) issues and questions.
188. Manàqib al-Khwàrazmi, p. 44; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, p. 233; Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalàni, al-'Isàbah, Vol. I, p. 25; Kifàyat al-tàlib, p. 334; Muntakhab Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. V, p. 36; Ihqàq al-haqq, Vol. VI, p. 37.
189. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 122, Ibn 'Asàkir in Ta'rikh Dimashq, Vol. II, p. 488; al-Khwàrazmi in al-Manàqib, p. 236; al-Manàwi in Kunuz al-haqà'iq Muntakhab Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. V, p. 33; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, p. 182.
190. Musnad Ahmad, Vol. V, p. 122; al-Suyuti's al-Durr al-manthur, Vol. II, p. 60; Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. I, p. 154; Majma' al-zawà'id, Vol. IX, p. 162; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, pp. 38, 183; 'Abaqàt al-'anwàr, Vol. I, p. 16; Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 148.
191. Sahih Muslim, Vol. VIII, p. 44.
192. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 75.
193. Ta'rikh al-Tabari, "bàb hisàr 'Uthmàn"; Ta'rikh Ibn al-'Athir.
194. Maqàtil al-Tàlibiyyin, p. 70; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Vol. VIII, p. 131; Ibn Abi al-Hadid in Sharh Nahj al-balàghah, Vol. III, p. 16.
195. Al-'Imàmah wa al-siyàsah, Vol. I, p. 151, "bàb bay'at Mu'àwiyah li-Yazid bi al-Shàm".
196. Maqàtil al-Tàlibiyyin, "Maqtal al-Husayn".
197. Like the Martyr Muhammad Bàqir al-Sadr (may God sanctify his soul), from whom I benefitted a great deal regarding this issue.
Beside al-Sayyid al-Khu'i, al-'Allàmah al-Tabàtabà'i, and al-Sayyid al-Hàkim, and others.
198. Sharh Nahj al-balàghah of al-Shaykh Muhammad 'Abduh, Vol. IV, p. 673.
199. 'Aqà'id al-Shi'ah fi al-qadà' wa al-qadar.
200. Ibn `Abd Rabbih, al-'Iqd al-farid, Vol. III, p. 42.
201. Ibn Hajar in al-Sawà'iq al-muhriqah, p. 148; Majma' al-zawà'id, Vol. IX, p. 163; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, p. 41; al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-manthur, Vol. II, p. 60; Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. I, p. 168; Usd al-ghàbah, Vol. III, p. 137; 'Abaqàt al-'anwàr, Vol. I, p. 184.
202. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, p. 44.
203. In his book al-Nass wa al-'ijtihàd, al-'Imàm Sharaf al-Din cited more than a hundred instances where ta'wil (interpretation) occurred against the express texts. The researchers are required to refer to this book, since in it he has collected only those traditions reported by the Sunni 'ulamà', admitting its veracity.
204. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, p. 137, "bàb fi al-rikàz al-khums.
205. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 136, "bàb mà yustakhraj min al-bahr".
206. Musannaf al-Hidàyah; also al-Zamakhshari, in his book Rabi' al-'abràr, reported that the first who used the finger-ring in the left, contrary to the Prophetic Sunnah, was Mu'àwiyah ibn Abi Sufyàn.
207. Minhàj al-Sunnah of Ibn Taymiyyah, Vol. II, p. 143, "bàb al-tashabbuh bi al-rawàfid".
208. Al-Zarqàni, Sharh al-Mawàhib, Vol. V, p. 13.
209. Al-Zamakhshari in his book Rabi' al-'abràr.
210. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 99, "bàb mà yajuz min al-ghadab wa al-shiddah li-amr Allàh".
211 & 212. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 252, "kitàb salàt al-taràwih".
213. Ibid., Vol. VII, p. 99, op. cit.
214. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 35, (... and thus interpreted by 'A'ishah too who performed four rak'ahs) — p. 36.
215. Ibn Hajar in al-Sawà'iq al-muhriqah, p. 106; Dhakhà'ir al-'uqbà, p. 64, al-Riyàd al-nàdirah, Vol. II, p. 215; Ihqàq al-haqq, Vol. VII, p. 217.
216. 'Aqà'id al-'Imàmiyyah, p. 67, 'aqidah No. 24.
217. Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, al-'Iqd al-farid, Vol. III, p. 42.
218. Sahih al-Tirmidhi, Vol. V, p. 328; Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 148; al-'Imàm Ahmad in his Musnad, Vol. V, p. 189.
219. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. II, p. 343; Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. V, p. 95; al-Sawà'iq al-muhriqah, of Ibn Hajar, p. 184.
220. Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. VI, p. 155; al-Haythami in Majma' al-zawà'id, Vol. IX, p. 108; Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalàni in al-'Isàbah; al-Tabaràni in al-Jàmi' al-Kabir; Ta'rikh Ibn 'Asàkir, Vol. II, p. 99; Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 128; Hilyat al-'awliyà', Vol. IV, p. 349; Ihqàq al-haqq, Vol. V, p. 108.
221. Tafsir al-Tabari, Vol. XIII, p. 108; Tafsir al-Ràzi, Vol. V, p. 271; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Vol. II, p. 502; Tafsir al-Shawkàni, Vol. III, p. 70; al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-manthur, Vol. IV, p. 45; Nur al-'absàr, p. 71; Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 129; Tafsir Ibn al-Jawzi, Vol. IV, p. 307; Shawàhid al-tanzil, Vol. I, p. 293; al-Fusul al-muhimmah; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah.
222. Nahj al-balàghah, Kutbah No. 87. In his exposition of this sermon, Muhammad 'Abduh made this commentary: Any of Ahl al-Bayt Imams may die, but in fact he is not dead, since his spirit remains effulging light and brighness over the world of being.
223. Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, of al-Qunduzi al-Hanafi, Vol. III, p. 99.
224. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VIII, p. 127; Sahih Muslim, Vol. VI, p. 3.
225. Ibn 'Abd Rabbih, al-'Iqd al-farid, Vol. III, p. 42.
226. Ibn Hajar al-Shàfi'i, al-Sawà'iq al-muhriqah, p. 148; al-Suyuti, al-Durr al-manthur, Vol. II, p. 60; Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. I, p. 168; Usd al-ghàbah fi ma'rifat al-Sahàbah, Vol. III, p. 137.
227. Nahj al-balàghah, Muhammad 'Abduh, Khutbah No. 144.
228. Tafsir al-Tabari, Vol. XIV, p. 134; Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Vol. II, p. 570; Tafsir al-Qurtubi, Vol. XI, p. 272; Shawàhid al-tanzil, of al-Hasakàni, Vol. I, p. 334; Yanabi' al-mawaddah; Ihqàq al-haqq of al-Tustari, p. 482.
229. Manàqib Al Abi Tàlib, "bàb fi ahwàl al-'Imàm al-Sàdiq".
230. Al-Suyuti, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 661.
231. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, p. 78, "Kitàb bad' al-khalq", "bàb dhikr al-malà'ikah".
232 & 233. Ibid., Vol. IV, 250, "bàb al-mi'ràj", Sahih Muslim, Vol. I, p. 101, "bàb al-'isrà' bi Rasul Allàh wa fard al-salawàt".
234. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, p. 259.
235. Al-Suyuti, op.cit.
236. Sunan al-Bayhaqi, Mustadrak al-Hàkim.
237 & 238. Al-Suyuti, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 176.
239. Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabaqàt al-Kubrà.
240. Sunan al-Bayhaqi.
241. Al-Suyuti, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 178.
242. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 102.
243. Al-Sirah al-Halabiyyah, Vol. III, p. 61.
244. Ihyà' 'ulum al-Din, of Hujjatul Islàm Abu Hàmid al-Ghazàli.
245. Al-Ràzi, Ahkàm al-Qur'àn, Vol. II, p. 10.
246. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. VII, p. 81, "bàb lam yakun al-Nabi fàhishan wa la mutafahhishan".
247. Sahih Muslim, Vol. IV, p. 158.
248. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. V, p. 158.
249. Sahih Muslim, Vol. IV, p. 131.
250. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 131.
251. Al-Tha'labi in al-Tafsir al-kabir, and al-Tabari in his al-Tafsir al-Kabir too, in his interpretation of the verse on mut'ah.
252. Al-Fakhr al-Ràzi, in al-Tafsir al-kabir, in his interpretation of the verse: "And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying them) ..." (4:24).
253. Al-'Imàm Ahmad in his Musnad, Vol. I, p. 337.
254. Sahih al-Tirmidhi, Vol. I, p. 157.
255. Al-Tàhir ibn 'Ashur, al-Tahrir wa al-tanwir, Vol. III, p. 5.
256. As the book Fasl al-khitàb has no consideration among the Shi'ah whatsoever, while the narrations about the loss and addition in the Qur'àn being reported by the Sihàh of Ahl al-Sunnah like those of al-Bukhàri and Muslim, with Musnad Ahmad.
257. The article written by the Professor Muhammad al-Midyani, the dean of al-Shari'ah College in al-Jàmi' al-'Azhar, appeared in the journal Risàlat al-'Islàm, issue No. 4, the 11th year, pp. 382-383.
258. Al-Suyuti, op. cit., and al-'Itqàn.
259. Musnad Ahmad, Vol. V, p. 132.
260. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, p. 252.
261. Musnad Ahmad, Vol. V, p. 131.
262. Ibn 'Asàkir, Ta'rikh Dimashq, Vol. II, p. 228.
263. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, p. 215.
264. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 216.
265. Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 218, "bàb manàqib 'Abd Allàh ibn Mas'ud".
266. Ibid., Vol. VIII, p. 26, "bàb rajm al-hublà min al-zinà idhà uhsinat".
267 & 268. Sahih Muslim, Vol. III, p. 100, "bàb law ann li-ibn Adam wàdiyàn la-ibtaghà thàlithan".
269. The Journal Risàlat al-'Islàm, issue No. 4, the 11th year, pp. 382, 383.
270. Musnad al-'Imàm Ahmad, Vol. I, p. 221.
271. Muwatta' al-'Imàm Màlik (Sharh al-Hawàlik), Vol. I, p. 161.
272. Sahih Muslim, Vol. II, p. 151, "bàb al-jam' bayna al-salàtayn fi al-hadar".
273. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 152.
274. Ibid., Vol. II, p. 153, "bàb al-jam' bayna al-salàtayn fi al-hadar".
275. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. I, p. 140, "bàb waqt al-maghrib".
276. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 138, "bàb waqt al-'asr".
277. It is narrated that two men went out for hunting, when they met a black thing at a far distance. The first one thought it to be a crow, while the second opposed him saying it was a she-goat. Each one of them insisted on his claim, persisting in his opinion. But on approaching to it they found it to be a crow, who became disturbed and flew away. Thereat the first man said: Haven't I told you that it was a crow? Are you satified now? But his friend persisted in his opinion saying: Glorified is Allah! (how can) a she-goat fly?!
278. Sahih Muslim, Vol. I, p. 168, "bàb jawàz ghasl al-hà'id ra's zawjihà"; Sunan Abi Dàwud, Vol. I, p. 68, "bàb al-hà'id tunàwil min al-masjid".
279. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. II, p. 256, "bàb al-'i'tikàf fi al-`ashr al-'awàkhir".
280. Sunan al-'Imàm al-Nasà'i, Vol. II, p. 204, "bàb tabrid al-hasa li al-sujud 'alàyh".
281. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. I, p. 86, "kitàb al-tayammum".
282. Sahih Muslim, Vol. II, p. 64, "kitàb al-masàjid wa mawàdi' al-salàt".
283. 'Aqà'id al-'Imàmiyyah of al-Muîaffar, p. 80, doctrine No. 32.
284. Mustadrak al-Hàkim, Vol. III, p. 123; Ibn 'Asàkir in Ta'rikh Dimashq, Vol. II, p. 234; al-Bukhàri's al-Ta'rikh al-Kabir, Vol. II, p. 281, al-Suyuti in Ta'rikh al-Khulafà', p. 173; Khasà'is al-Nasà'i, p. 27; Dhakhà'ir al-'uqbà, p. 92; Ibn Hajar's al-Sawà'iq al-muhriqah, p. 74.
285. Al-Hàkim in his Mustadrak, Vol. III, p. 128, says that it is a correct hadith on the condition it be accepted by al-Shaykhayn; Nur al-'absàr of al-Shablanji, p. 23; Yanàbi' al-mawaddah, p. 205; al-Riyàd al-nàdirah, Vol. II, p. 165.
286. Sahih Muslim, Vol. I, p. 48; al-Sawà'iq al-muhriqah, p. 73; Kanz al-'ummàl, Vol. XV, p. 105.
287. Al-Tha'labi in al-Tafsir al-kabir, about àyàt al-mawaddah (42:23); al-Zamakhshari in his Tafsir al-Kashshàf; Tafsir al-Ràzi, Vol. VII, p. 405; al-Tustari in Ihqàq al-haqq, Vol. IX, p. 486.
288. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, p. 20 and Vol. V, p. 76; Sahih Muslim, Vol. VII, p. 120, "bàb fadà'il 'Ali ibn Abi Tàlib".
289. Ibid., Vol. I, p. 9, "bàb hubb al-Rasul min al-'imàn"; Sahih Muslim, Vol. I, p. 49, "bàb wujub mahabbat Rasul Allàh akthar min al-'ahl wa al-walad wa al-wàlid wa al-nàs ajma'in; Sahih al-Tirmidhi.
290. Like the Martyr Muhammad Bàqir al-Sadr in his book Bahth hawl al-Mahdi.
291. Sunan Abi Dàud, Vol. II, p. 422.
292. Sunan Ibn Màjah, Vol. II, hadiths Nos. 4082 & 4087.
293. Ibid., Vol. II, hadith No. 4086.
294. Al-Tirmidhi in al-Jàmi' al-sahih, Vol. IX, pp. 74-754.
295. Sahih al-Bukhàri, Vol. IV, p. 143, "bàb nuzul `Isà ibn Maryam".
296. Fath al-Bàri, Vol. V, p. 362.
297. Ibn Hajar, al-Sawà'iq al-muhriqah, Vol. II, p. 211.
298. Hàshiyat Sahih al-Tirmidhi, Vol. II, p. 46.
299. Is'àf al-ràghibin, Vol. II, p. 140.
300. Sabà'ik al-dhahab, p. 78.
301. Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun, p. 367.
